Other oxidative stress-related transcription factors, such as HIF1A, CREB1, SP-1, and FOXO1, already reported to play a role in the oxidative stress pathway, have binding sites on the promoters of some of these miRNAs, indicating that these biomolecules can be released into circulating EVs following the oxidative stress inherent to IBD and COVID-19 [45]. Here, SP1 is linked to COVID-19.