GRP and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Our data demonstrated that the GERD + vehicle group was characterized by a significant increase of the iNOS, COX2, 3-nitrotyrosine, and substance P levels compared to the Sham + vehicle group (Figure 3A–D); nonetheless, the treatment with bombesin, mainly at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, was able to decrease their levels (Figure 3A–D).