A prospective clinical intervention study analyzing the effects of switching to a mediterranean diet in 20 adolescents with T1D revealed, after the reduction in carbohydrate intake and the increase in monounsaturated fats, improvements in mean time in range from 52% to 63%, a decrease in total daily insulin dose, and positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors such as diastolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol [38]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.