Our research demonstrated that SPECC1-415aa bound to ANXA2 and inhibited the binding of ANXA2 to its target protein EGFR, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFR on the cell membrane and the activation of AKT signaling pathway proteins and leading to the suppression of the malignant phenotype and restoration of GBM cell sensitivity to TMZ (Fig. 8 D-J and Supplementary Fig. 6). Here, SPECC1 is linked to glioblastoma.