YOD1 and colitis: Given that (i) proinflammatory cytokines cause tissue damage in colitis, (ii) proinflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by macrophages in DSS-induced colitis, and (iii) ablation of YOD1 increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in mouse colons upon DSS challenge, it is highly possible that YOD1 influences colitis by regulating macrophages.