RNA sequencing analysis (Fig. 5b), validated by qRT–PCR analyses (Fig. 5c), indicated significant reductions in key genes of the NF-κB and TNF signalling pathways in livers from mice overexpressing AGXT, including Nfkb2, Relb and Tnf as well as chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) and Ccl5 that are known as drivers and therapeutic targets in MASH together with Ccr2 that regulate the recruitment of monocyte-derived cells in MASH48. Here, RELB is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.