TBX6 compound inheritance also associates with a broad spectrum of disorders of vertebral development and segmentation—ranging in severity from scoliosis (abnormal sideways curvature of the spine) or kyphosis (abnormal forward rounding of the spine) to generalized defects such as spondylocostal dysostosis (Box 4) (MIM: 122600),214 as well as a cooccurrence of structural defects of the vertebra, ribs, and kidney263 (see congenital anomalies of the genitourinary tract). Here, TBX6 is linked to scoliosis.