CASP3 and breast cancer: Qiu et al. [40] found concentration-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines (exposed to hyperoside at 12.5, 25, 50, 75, or 100 μmol/L for 6, 12, or 24 h) related to ROS, with a mechanism involving activation of the Bax–caspase-3 axis and inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway.