On average, they demonstrated impaired glucose regulation (determined by fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the pre-diabetic range of ≥5.7%) and insulin resistance (determined by fasting plasma insulin > 7 μIU/mL and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.