Preliminary data in 50 patients show a clinically relevant reduction in incidence as well as the severity of SG-related grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and grade ≥ 2 diarrhea with primary prophylactic administration of G-CSF at 0.5 MU/kg/day subcutaneously on cycle days 3, 4, 10, and 11, along with loperamide 2 mg twice a day or 4 mg once a day orally on cycle days 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11 during at least the first two cycles [39]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is Decreased total neutrophil count.