ALK and neoplasm: Furthermore, in a retrospective cohort study that included 309 patients with surgically resected stage IA lung adenocarcinoma, patients with an ALK-positive tumor had a significantly lower 5-year DFS rate (62.4%) compared to those with ALK-negative tumors (86.5%; p = 0.038), underscoring that ALK rearrangements are independent risk factors for recurrence [59].