Furthermore, the Phase 1/2 trial (NCT03953235) investigated the dose, safety, immunogenicity, and early efficacy of neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine targeting KRAS mutations in combination with nivolumab (anti PD-1) and ipilimumab (anti CTLA-4) in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, microsatellite stable colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and shared neoantigen-positive tumors. Here, KRAS is linked to colorectal cancer.