IL4 and neoplasm: TPGs did not have a direct cytotoxic effect on S180 cells in vitro but can antagonize the immunosuppression induced by tumor S180 cells and cyclophosphamide (CTX), enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, and increase the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-4 to inhibit tumor cell growth, suggesting that TPGs may achieve anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation [57].