AKT1 and lung carcinoma: Gao et al. [64] used the human lung cancer A549 cell model and compared it with the TPG intervention model and found that TPGs may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells by suppressing the activation of the Akt pathway, thereby reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-9).