NFE2L2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: As an important regulator of oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress-induced damage in endothelial cells in obesity models, along with activating the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, which has been identified as a potential mechanism for alleviating hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases [17,18].