NFKB1 and infection: It has been widely demonstrated that corticosteroids have the ability to negatively modulate the expression of several proinflammatory genes by either directly binding to GR elements in gene promoters or indirectly by inhibition of NF-κB, a protein complex that plays a key role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune response to infection and inflammation through the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and inflammasome activation.