A recent phase 1 clinical trial (NCT04161755) [26] evaluated the therapeutic potential of the combination of a personalized neoantigen-based vaccine with a PD-L1 blocker (atezolizumab) and mFOLFIRINOX-based chemotherapy in surgically resected PDA patients, aiming to enhance the ability of the immune system to counteract the progression of PDA. Here, CD274 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.