As well as the identification of C1orf106 as a TGF-β target gene, we found that C1orf106 mRNA and protein expression increases with tumourigenicity or metastatic potential in breast cancer cell line models and found a significant correlation of high C1orf106 expression with poor clinical outcomes and disease aggressiveness in human data sets (Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast carcinoma.