Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a component of the outer membrane of Proteobacteria, through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), triggers downstream signaling pathways, including NF-κB activation and dysregulates BCR signaling that represents a stimuli factor driving CLL cells into proliferation (56). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.