MAPT and Alzheimer disease: At present, AD is considered a distinctive entity, and is defined pathologically by the presence of the following specific neuropathological profiles: extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal presence of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (Jack et al., 2018; Long and Holtzman, 2019; Zheng and Wang, 2024).