PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Notably, a study demonstrated that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (hUC-MSCs) alleviated NASH by modulating the expression of key factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid binding protein 5, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α, acyl-CoA oxidase, fatty acid synthase, and PPARα [30].