In vivo experiments confirmed that downregulating Snail1 not only improved cardiac performance but also inhibited the EndoMT process in myocardial infarction models, underscoring the significant role of Snail1 lactylation in promoting EndoMT via the TGF-β/Smad2 axis (Fig. 3) [20]. This evidence concerns the gene SNAI1 and myocardial infarction.