RAC1 and liver cancer: Based on the above background, Wang et al. proposed and confirmed that [56] FNDC4 activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by acting on cell surface receptors, inducing Tiam1 enrichment towards liver cancer cell membranes and activating Rac1, thereby promoting Rac1 mediated invasive pseudopodia formation and ultimately enhancing HCC invasion and metastasis.