Next, we trained and validated support vector machine (SVM) models using CESs from non-cancerous adjacent normal tissues (referred to as the “NT” group, assumed to have normal p53 function) and tumor samples harboring TP53 truncating mutations (referred to as the “TP53TM” group, assumed to have lost or reduced p53’s tumor suppressor function). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.