PMAIP1 and cancer: Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway is the major anti-cancer mechanism of bortezomib [14] and additionally, bortezomib also induces the expression of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1), also known as Noxa, a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein to inhibit the pro-survival guardian, Mcl-1 and thus activates apoptosis [15,16].