NFKB1 and bacterial infectious disease: Activation of NF-κB signalling is a common feature observed during various obligate intracellular bacterial infection such as Coxiella burnetti, Chlamydia spp, Rickettsia spp, suggesting the presence as well as the growth of these obligate intracellular bacteria within its respective host cells would trigger the activation of NF-κB signalling [38–41].