However, in our study, we found that the application of PPAR- agonists have a direct cytoprotective effect on renal TECs, which can alleviate the increased mitochondrial fission in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by stone stimulation, reduce the expression of DRP1, and mitigate TECs apoptosis caused by CaOx crystals stimulation and improve renal function in rats with kidney stones. Here, PPARA is linked to nephrolithiasis.