NFKB1 and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: Neither of these regulations clearly explain the astrocyte malfunctions observed in SMA pathology, nor they showed a direct effect on SMN1. Although without experimental validation, we believe that our extensive analysis added few tips in this view; in fact, the heatmap of the most significant pathways involved by the 13 DE miRNAs (enclosing miR-146a-5p), which targeted validated DE genes in SMA versus HCs (Table 5), confirmed the involvement of both Notch and NFkB signaling (Fig. 3).