We also found that CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Bregs express phenotypic aberrant markers in both HIV+ cART-naïve and HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) samples, such as PD-L1, cMYC, AICDA, CD71, or Bcl-6, but significantly higher levels of these Breg cell subsets were found in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) samples (Figure 6C). The gene discussed is AICDA; the disease is non-Hodgkin lymphoma.