When we conducted unsupervised clustering analysis of CD19-CD20+ B cells, we identified a metacluster of CD19-CD20+CXCR4+Bcl-6+PD-L1+ cells that were significantly elevated in HIV+ cART-naïve samples, but these cells uniquely expressed cMYC in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) samples (Supplementary Figure 4). Here, CD274 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.