A third limitation is the inability to include other antibodies/markers of mature plasma cells [i.e., CD138 or the expression of transcription factors XBP1, IRF4, or BLIMP-1 (regulator of long-lived plasma cells)] and/or other markers that may identify genetic abnormalities in DLBCL (i.e., BCL-2, TP53, and TNFAIP3). Here, IRF4 is linked to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.