We found that HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) samples had significantly elevated levels of PD-L1+, AICDA+, IL-10+, CD71+, cMYC+, Bcl-6+, FoxP3+, and IgM+/IgMhi Bregs compared to HIV+ cART-naïve samples (Figure 6C). Here, FOXP3 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.