The metaclusters elevated in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) samples included CD20+CXCR4+CD24-IgM+HLA-DR+ (MC08) and CD20+CXCR4+CD27-CD24+IgM+HLA-DR+ (MC01) B-cell populations (Supplementary Figure 4C). Here, CD40LG is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.