In addition, ratios of CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts were higher in HIV-negative (2.03 ± 0.64) compared to all HIV+ cART-naïve samples, but higher ratios were observed in HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve) (1.04 ± 0.56) compared to HIV+ cART-naïve (0.71 ± 0.37) samples (Table 1). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-Hodgkin lymphoma.