Compared to the CC wild-type LAMPS, significant increases in steatosis were observed in the PNPLA3 GG variant LAMPS under all three medium conditions, indicating that increased hepatic lipid content is associated with the GG variant under both the baseline NF condition and early and late-stage MASLD (EMS and LMS) medium conditions (Figures 2A,B), consistent with the clinical characterization that this high-risk variant is associated with increased susceptibility to hepatic steatosis (Romeo et al., 2008; Mann et al., 2020). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to fatty liver disease.