To investigate the effect of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG variant on cytokine production, the PNPLA3 GG variant and CC wild-type LAMPS were maintained for 8 days in either NF, EMS, and LMS medium, and day-8 efflux samples were analyzed to measure the secretion of a panel of cytokines associated with MASLD progression, including CCL2, IL-6, and IL-8 (Braunersreuther et al., 2012; Fontes-Cal et al., 2021) (Figure 3; Supplementary Figure S7). Here, IL6 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.