There has been considerable progress in the treatment of RCC since 2005 with a variety of agents, including those targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/receptor (VEGFR) axis, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling (mTOR) pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and most recently, through combination of antiangiogenic agents and ICIs or employing a dual ICI strategy (2, 3). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.