The two isoforms of BCAT, BCAT1 and BCAT2, are located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, and metabolic reprogramming of BCAA involving BCAT1 alters the levels of important metabolites, including BCAA itself, α-KG, and glutamate, which are used to produce nutrients and essential substances, activate signaling pathways, shape the epigenetic landscape, and enhance drug resistance, ultimately leading to a rapid increase in cancer cell survival and growth (7). The gene discussed is BCAT1; the disease is cancer.