The modulation of the gut microbiota may contribute to PCa development by influencing the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway through short-chain fatty acids, as well as by inducing autophagy in cancer cells and promoting the polarization of M2 cells (Matsushita et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2023). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.