IL1B and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Rubis’s research indicated that agarwood essential oil nanoemulsions possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, capable of inducing the expression of antioxidant genes such as GCLC and GSTP1 and downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors like IL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, as well as upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-18BP, and GH, suggesting their significant potential in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (De Rubis et al., 2023).