Notably, SPP1+TAMs had similar origins to S100A8+monocytes (Fig. 4E), and BEAM analysis demonstrated that SPP1, CCLs, and CXCLs co-varied with pseudotime (Fig. 4F), suggesting that S100A8+monocytes recruited by tumor-derived chemokines can reprogram into SPP1+TAMs and perform pro-tumorigenesis functions. Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.