Treatment with either L. plantarum AR113 or L. casei AR342 dramatically upregulated HO-1 expression, as shown in research by Xia and colleagues, suggesting that these particular probiotics safeguard against DSS-induced colitis through regulating the HO-1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the tissues of the mouse colon (177). Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.