Secondly, this study did not analyze and validate pro-inflammatory factors related to M1 macrophage polarization (such as TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1, and IFN-γ) in PCOS samples, and factors associated with M2 macrophage polarization (such as IL-4 and IL-10) were not examined. Here, IL1A is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.