TNF and asthma: Key biomarkers include pro-inflammatory markers of Th2 inflammation, often measured in clinical practice and research in asthma patients, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) [5–7], eosinophils [5, 8, 9], fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) [5, 10], interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 [11], as well as non-Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophils [12, 13], C-reactive protein (CRP) [14, 15], tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [16], and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) [17].