PCF11, as part of CFII binds to G-rich sequences just adjacent to CstF some 30 nt downstream of the cleavage site and is required for efficient 3′ end processing at the first available PAS.7, 102, 103 Accordingly, high PCF11 levels in neuroblastomas, urothelial, breast, head, neck and prostate cancer result in shortened 3′UTRs.163. This evidence concerns the gene PCF11 and Familial prostate cancer.