For example, Listeria monocytogenes-based tumour vaccine (Lmdd-MPFG) was thought to promote TAM reversal from M2 to M1 phenotypes via TLR2/MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation and p62-mediated autophagy pathway promotion, thus complementing the effects of anti-PD-1 mono-clonal antibodies in HCC immunotherapy (Ref. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.