Because TLR2 is a bona fide cell surface marker for pancreatic cancer that is highly expressed in 70% of pancreatic tumors but is not highly expressed in surrounding normal pancreas tissue or other surrounding tissues, fluorescence imaging probes developed using TLR2 ligands could be applied to the intraoperative detection of pancreatic tumor margins (26). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and pancreatic neoplasm.