Removal of the variants associated with anthropometric indices and height in the PhenoScanner database18 (Table S7) from the cytokine genetic instruments that showed evidence of associations with any of the examined outcomes, did not alter the results; the only exceptions were the associations between MCSF and FVC, which did not remain significant, and between TNF-a and atopic asthma, for which the only instrument was associated with height, weight and hip circumference (Table S8). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and atopic asthma.