PPOX and infection: It has been demonstrated that potato plants respond to infection by virulent R. solani strains by systemic activation of an array of defense genes such as of chitin-hydrolyzing enzymes and 1,3,-β-glucanase which are involved in hydrolyzing fungal cell walls (Lehtonen et al., 2008) as well as POX, PPO and CAT (defense related gene) (Riaz et al., 2023) so that plant disease resistance reactions are stimulated for preventing the invasion of pathogens.