TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Rats in the LPS group showed significantly higher lung W/D ratio and levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in BALF compared to the Con group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), indicating excessive inflammatory response in lung tissue, but that in DXM and DYY groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–D), indicating that DYY has a therapeutic effect on ALI by reducing inflammation and pulmonary edema.