PDCD1 and lung carcinoma: Similarly, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of NSCLC and are approved as both single agents and in combination with chemotherapy plus or minus CTLA-4 inhibitors in NSCLC.2, 3, 4, 5 Nevertheless, lung cancers harboring EGFR-activating mutations are generally insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade, though anti-angiogenesis agents may potentiate ICI activity in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.6