This was reflected in patient sequencing datasets, from both blood and brain tissue (Prudencio et al., 2015), where GSEA found upregulation of interferon signaling in C9‐ALS but not sporadic samples, potentially contributing to the association of ALS patients, including those harboring C9orf72 mutations, with autoimmune disease diagnoses (Miller et al., 2016; Ralli et al., 2019). The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.