Leptin may be involved in the regulation of vascular tone, arterial blood pressure, and vascular relaxation via different central and peripheral mechanisms (extensively described in (Ren 2004; Mellott and Faulkner 2023)]); therefore, defective leptin signaling may lead to pathological changes within myocardium, which can ultimately contribute to HF. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is hydrops fetalis.