HSPA5 and neoplasm: This interaction impedes the recruitment and activation of NK cells, thereby promoting the establishment of a PMN favorable for tumor cell colonization, invasion, and metastasis.178,179 Additionally, the presence of soluble GRP78 in the liver has been found to impact the motility of CX3CR1+ cells, including DCs and macrophages, resulting in immunosuppression and liver metastasis.