TGFB1 and posterior cortical atrophy: Furthermore, La Civita and coworkers have demonstrated that periprostatic adipocytes release TGF-β, which stimulates PCa cell motility through upregulation of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [31]; the authors have also observed that the conditioned medium (CM) from adipose cells promotes disease resistance to chemotherapy through the release of IGF-1 and the subsequent overexpression of tubulin TUBB2B [32].