We examined two SNPs rs1799964 (TNF‐α−1031) and rs1799724 (TNF‐α−857) located in TNF‐α, in addition to three loci, rs1800630 (TNF‐α−863), rs1800629 (TNF‐α−308), and rs361525 (TNF‐α−238), which are located in the promoter regions of the genes and have been reported to influence susceptibility to HBV infection and chronic outcomes such as cirrhosis or HCC.27 This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cirrhosis.