CXCL11 levels and VEGFA levels increased the risk of epilepsy, CXCL1 levels, CXCL9 levels, IL-6 levels, TRAIL levels, and VEGFA levels were associated with an increased risk of FE and TTNFSF14 levels, VEGFA levels were associated with an increased risk of GE. Here, CXCL9 is linked to epilepsy.